Daniel Francois Esprit Auber |

Daniel Auber

Ober. "Fra Diavolo". Agnes enom (N. Figner)

Anggota Institut Prancis (1829). Minangka bocah, dheweke main biola, nyipta roman (padha diterbitake). Marang wishes tuwane, sing nyiapake kanggo karir komersial, kang pengabdian kanggo music. Pengalaman pisanane, isih amatir, ing musik teater yaiku opera komik Iulia (1811), disetujoni dening L. Cherubini (ing arahane, Aubert banjur sinau komposisi).

Opera komik pisanan Aubert, The Soldiers at Rest (1813) lan Testament (1819), ora diakoni. Fame nggawa dheweke opera komik The Shepherdess - pemilik kastil (1820). Saka 20s. Aubert miwiti kolaborasi sing apik banget karo dramawan E. Scribe, penulis libretto paling akeh opera (sing pisanan yaiku Leicester lan Snow).

Ing wiwitan kariré, Aubert dipengaruhi dening G. Rossini lan A. Boildieu, nanging wis opera komik The Mason (1825) nyekseni kamardikan kreatif lan orisinalitas pengarang. Ing taun 1828, opera The Mute from Portici (Fnella, lib. Scribe lan J. Delavigne), sing nggawé ketenarané, dipentasaké kanthi sukses. Ing taun 1842-71 Aubert dadi direktur Paris Conservatoire, wiwit taun 1857 dheweke uga dadi komposer pengadilan.

Ober, bebarengan karo J. Meyerbeer, minangka salah sawijining pangripta genre opera grand. Opera The Mute from Portici kalebu genre iki. Plot kasebut - pemberontakan para nelayan Neapolitan ing 1647 nglawan budak Spanyol - cocog karo swasana umum nalika Revolusi Juli 1830 ing Prancis. Kanthi orientasi, opera nanggepi kabutuhan pamirsa sing maju, kadhangkala nyebabake pagelaran revolusioner (manifestasi patriotik ing pagelaran ing taun 1830 ing Brussel minangka wiwitan pemberontakan sing nyebabake pembebasan Belgia saka pamrentahan Walanda). Ing Rusia, pagelaran opera ing basa Rusia diijini dening censorship tsarist mung kanthi judhul The Palermo Bandits (1857).

Iki minangka opera utama pisanan adhedhasar plot sajarah nyata, karakter sing ora pahlawan kuna, nanging wong biasa. Aubert napsirake tema heroik liwat intonasi irama lagu rakyat, tarian, uga lagu-lagu perang lan pawai Revolusi Prancis Agung. Opera nggunakake teknik dramaturgi sing kontras, akeh koor, genre massa lan adegan heroik (ing pasar, pemberontakan), kahanan melodramatik (pemandangan kegilaan). Peran heroine dipasrahake menyang ballerina, sing ngidini komposer bisa jenuh skor kanthi episode orkestra ekspresif figuratif sing ngiringi pertunjukan panggung Fenella, lan ngenalake unsur balet efektif ing opera. Opera The Mute from Portici nduwe pengaruh marang perkembangan opera folk-heroik lan romantis.

Aubert minangka wakil paling gedhe saka opera komik Prancis. Opera Fra Diavolo (1830) nandhani tataran anyar ing sajarah genre iki. Antarane akeh opera komik ngadeg metu: "The Bronze Horse" (1835), "Black Domino" (1837), "Diamonds of the Crown" (1841). Aubert ngandelake tradhisi para master opera komik Prancis ing abad kaping 18. (FA Philidor, PA Monsigny, AEM Gretry), uga Boildieu kontemporer lawas, sinau akeh saka seni Rossini.

Kanthi kolaborasi karo Scribe, Aubert nyipta jinis genre opera komik anyar, sing ditondoi dening petualang lan petualang, kadhangkala plot dongeng, tumindak kanthi alami lan kanthi cepet, diisi karo kahanan sing spektakuler, lucu, lan kadhangkala aneh.

Musik Aubert iku pinter, sensitif nggambarake komedi tumindak, kebak entheng anggun, sih, fun lan brilliance. Iki ngemot intonasi musik saben dina Prancis (lagu lan tari). Skor dheweke ditandhani kanthi kesegaran lan macem-macem melodi, irama sing cetha, piquant, lan orkestrasi sing kerep banget lan sregep. Aubert nggunakake macem-macem ariose lan formulir song, masterfully ngenalaken ensembles lan paduan suara, kang kokwaca ing Playful, cara efektif, nggawe nengsemake, pemandangan genre warni. Kesuburan kreatif digabungake ing Aubert kanthi hadiah macem-macem lan anyar. AN Serov menehi penilaian dhuwur, deskripsi sing jelas kanggo komposer. Opera paling apik Aubert tetep populer.

EF Bronfin

Komposisi:

opera – Julia (Julie, 1811, teater pribadi ing kastil Chime), Jean de Couvain (Jean de Couvain, 1812, ibid.), Militer ing istirahat (Le séjour militaire, 1813, Teater Feydeau, Paris), Testament, utawa Cathetan katresnan (Le testament ou Les billets doux, 1819, Opera Comic Theatre, Paris), Shepherdess - sing duwe kastil (La bergère châtelaine, 1820, ibid.), Emma, ​​​​utawa janji sing ora sopan (Emma ou La). promesse imprudente, 1821, ibid. padha), Leicester (1823, ibid.), Salju (La neige, 1823, ibid.), Vendôme ing Spanyol (Vendôme en Espagne, bebarengan karo P. Herold, 1823, Akademi Musik Raja lan Tari, Paris) , Konser Pengadilan (Le concert à la cour, ou La débutante, 1824, Opera Comic Theater, Paris), Leocadia (Léocadie, 1824, ibid.), Bricklayer (Le maçon, 1825, ibid.), Shy ( Le timide , ou Le nouveau séducteur, 1825, ibid.), Fiorella (Fiorella, 1825, ibid.), Bisu saka Portici (La muette de Portici, 1828, King's Academy of Music and Dance, Paris), Pengantin (La fiancée, 1829, Opéra Comique, Paris), Fra D iavolo (F ra Diavolo, ou L'hôtellerie de Terracine, 1830, ibid.), God and Bayadère (Le dieu et la bayadère, ou La courtisane amoureuse, 1830, King. Akademi Musik lan Tari, Paris; lakon sing bisu bayadère isp. ballerina M. Taglioni), Ramuan katresnan (Le philtre, 1831, ibid.), Marquise de Brenvilliers (La marquise de Brinvilliers, bebarengan karo 8 komposer liyane, 1831, Opera Comic Theatre, Paris), Sumpah (Le serment , ou Les faux -monnayeurs, 1832, King's Academy of Music and Dance, Paris), Gustav III, utawa Masquerade Ball (Gustave III, ou Le bal masqué, 1833, ibid.), Lestocq, ou L' intrigue et l'amour, 1834, Opera Komik, Paris), Jaran Perunggu (Le cheval de bronze, 1835, ibid; taun 1857 digarap ulang dadi grand opera), Acteon (Actéon, 1836, ibid), White Hoods (Les chaperons blancs, 1836, ibid.), Utusan (L'ambassadrice, 1836, ibid.), Black Domino (Le domino noir, 1837, ibid.), Fairy Lake (Le lac des fées, 1839, King's Academy Music and Dance”, Paris), Zanetta (Zanetta, ou Jouer avec le feu, 1840, Opera Comic Theater, Paris), Crown Diamonds (Les diamants de la couronne, 1841, ibid.), Adipati Olonne (Le duc d 'Olonne, 1842, ibid.), The Devil's Share (La part). du diable, 1843, ibid.), Siren (La sirène, 1844,ibid.), Barcarolle, utawa Tresna lan Musik (La barcarolle ou L'amour et la musique, 1845, ibid.), Haydée (Haydée, ou Le secret, 1847, ibid.), Anak sing prodigal (L'enfant prodigue, 1850). , Prabu. Akademi Musik lan Tari, Paris), Zerlina (Zerline ou La corbeille d'oranges, 1851, ibid), Marco Spada (Marco Spada, 1852, Teater Komik Opera, Paris; taun 1857 direvisi dadi balet), Jenny Bell (Jenny Bell). , 1855, ibid.), Manon Lescaut (Manon Lescaut, 1856, ibid.), Wanita Circassian (La circassienne, 1861, ibid.), Pengantin Raja de Garbe (La fiancée du roi de Garbe, 1864, ibid.) ) , Dina Kapisan Kabungahan (Le premier jour de bonheur, 1868, ibid.), Ngimpi Cinta (Rêve d'amour, 1869, ibid.); senar. kuartet (ora diterbitake), lsp.